Memory Management

Mobile devices have limited RAM. Efficient memory management is critical to prevent crashes and ensure a smooth user experience.

Resource Lifecycle

Explicit Disposal: Always close StreamController, Timer, FocusNode, and ChangeNotifier in the dispose() method.
Late Initialization: Use late to delay object creation until it’s actually needed, reducing initial memory footprint.

Generational GC: Dart’s GC is optimized for short-lived objects. However, creating thousands of objects in a single frame can still cause jank.
Object Re-use: Avoid creating new objects in build() or high-frequency loops. Reuse data structures where possible.
Large Collections: Clearing a large list (list.clear()) is better than re-assigning it to a new list if the list itself is long-lived.

Isolates: Use Isolate.run() for heavy computations (JSON parsing > 1MB, image processing). This keeps the main thread free and prevents UI freezes.
Image Memory: Use cacheWidth and cacheHeight in Image.network or Image.asset to avoid loading high-resolution images into memory at full size.
Memory Leaks: Use the DevTools Memory View to identify “leaking” objects that stay in the heap after their context (like a screen) is closed.

Pagination: Never load entire datasets into memory. Use server-side or local database pagination (Isar, SQLite).
Streaming: For large files or real-time data, use Stream to process data in chunks rather than buffering the entire content in memory.